Testicular cancer is among the most treatable types of cancer, with a high cure rate: 99% at Stage 1 when the cancer is confined to the testicles and 96% at Stage 2 when it has spread to the lymph nodes in the abdomen. This cancer primarily affects men between the ages of 15 and 45. However, cancer treatments can pose a significant risk to fertility, making preservation options crucial.

Types of Testicular Cancer in Men

There are two primary types of testicular cancer:

Seminoma

This type can occur at any age and tends to be less aggressive. Seminomas are typically treated with radiation therapy.

Nonseminoma

Nonseminomas usually develop earlier in life and are known for spreading rapidly. Depending on the origin, there are several subtypes, including embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, and teratoma. These cancers are less responsive to radiation but respond well to chemotherapy.

Causes of Testicular Cancer

Testicular cancer can develop due to several factors, including: Genetic Factors: Family history of testicular cancer increases the risk. Cryptorchidism (Undescended Testicles): If the testicles do not descend from the abdomen at birth, the risk of cancer is significantly higher. Hypospadias: A condition where men are born with abnormalities in the penis and urethra, increasing cancer risk. Carcinoma in Situ (CIS): This precancerous condition involves abnormal cells in the testicles that can develop into cancer if left untreated. There is no definitive way to detect testicular cancer early, but common symptoms include lumps in the scrotum, abdominal pain, and lower back pain. However, not all lumps indicate cancer, so routine check-ups are essential for accurate diagnosis.

How Testicular Cancer Affects Fertility

Testicular cancer treatments, particularly radiation and chemotherapy, can significantly impact male fertility. These treatments often target rapidly dividing cells, including those involved in spermatogenesis (sperm production). As a result, many men experience conditions like oligospermia (low sperm count) or azoospermia (no sperm count), which can lead to temporary or permanent infertility. For young men with plans to conceive in the future, fertility preservation before undergoing cancer treatment is crucial. Below are some of the most effective options available:

Fertility Preservation Options for Men with Testicular Cancer

Sperm Freezing (Cryopreservation) for Testicular Cancer

Sperm freezing is the most reliable method for preserving fertility before cancer treatment. This involves collecting and storing sperm in a cryobank before radiation or chemotherapy begins. Frozen sperm can be stored indefinitely and later used in assisted reproductive technologies, such as IVF. Alternative Collection Methods: For men unable to ejaculate due to medical conditions or anxiety, electroejaculation can be used to collect sperm.

Testicular Sperm Extraction (TESE) for Cancer Patients

TESE is a fertility preservation method used for men with azoospermia or those who did not bank sperm before treatment. The procedure involves extracting a small tissue sample from the testicle through a biopsy to retrieve viable sperm, which can then be frozen for future use. Ideal Candidates: Men who have already undergone cancer treatment or those with low sperm counts.

Radiation Shielding for Fertility Protection

During radiation therapy, specialized shields are placed over the testicles to minimize exposure and protect sperm cells from damage. While shielding does not guarantee complete protection, it significantly reduces the risk of infertility. Benefits: Helps preserve existing sperm and reduces the potential impact of radiation on fertility. Testicular cancer, while highly treatable, poses significant challenges to male fertility. Thankfully, with advanced fertility preservation methods like sperm freezing, TESE, and radiation shielding, men diagnosed with testicular cancer can safeguard their reproductive future. Consulting with a fertility specialist before starting cancer treatment is crucial to exploring the best options tailored to your needs. At PlanBIVF, we specialize in personalized fertility preservation strategies, offering expert guidance to help you navigate your journey from diagnosis to treatment. Our compassionate approach ensures that you have the right plan in place to maintain your dream of fatherhood. Take control of your fertility today! Schedule a consultation with PlanBIVF to explore your fertility preservation options and secure your future family.